Foam Identification
Most foam grades are identified by a two part numbering system (i.e. 1938):
1. The first two numbers identify the Density of the foam in pounds per cubic feet (pcf).
2. The last two numbers identify the compression or the Firmness of the foam.
A higher density equates to a better quality piece of foam. Similarly, a higher compression means a firmer piece of foam.
The Importance Of Density
Density is the key indicator of the foam’s performance with regards to comfort, support and durability. It will also determine the cost of the foam. The denser the foam, the more material there is in the cushion or mattress to provide support for your weight.
It is important to remember, though, that the firmness of the foam is independent of the foam’s density. High density foams can be produced to be very soft. Low density foams can be made to be very firm. Therefore, there is no such thing as a “hard” or “firm” density.
The Definition Of Density
Foam density is not just weight. It’s actually a measurement of mass per unit volume. Density is a function of the chemistry used to produce the foam. It takes into account the materials, both virgin and additives, used to increase density.
Better foams contain no additives or cheap fillers which increase the weight of the foam but do nothing for the physical properties including support and durability.
Flexible polyurethane foam is available in a broad range of densities from as low as 0.8 pcf to as high as 6 pcf. Most common foam applications, for seating or mattresses, use foam in the 0.9 to 2.5 pcf density range.
High Resiliency Foam vs Conventional Foam
| Feature | Our HR Foam | Conventional Foam |
| Density | Higher density (2.4-2.7 lbs/ft³) | Lower density (1.0-1.7 lbs/ft³) |
| Resilience | Quickly regains shape | Slower to regain shape |
| Durability | 12+ years of daily use | 1-5 years of daily use |
| Comfort Level | Consistent over time | Diminishes with use |
High Resiliency (HR) foam is a type of highly durable foam known for its exceptional elasticity and support. It typically, but not always, has a higher density. High Resiliency foams have proprietary cell structures that allow them to quickly regain shape after compression, providing a responsive and luxurious-feeling seating experience.
HR foams are more expensive but have more longevity and provide world-class support. In cushions, you can notice the difference in an HR foam’s ability to ‘come back.’ This means more bounce when you sit on it, as well as a quick recovery to its original shape and thickness.
Foamite carries three exceptional High Resilience foams: Koosh Natural, Preserve, and Qualux Ultra.
Durability Of Foam
Density also translates into foam durability. The more polymer material used to produce the foam, the better the foam retains its original properties. Research into foam durability by measuring flex fatigue, or loss of foam firmness after flexing the foam a predetermined number of cycles shows that as polymer density increases, firmness loss is lessened.
Less firmness loss means that seat cushions still feel “new” and mattresses retain their original “feel”. Higher density foams also better retain their ability to provide support.
Other factors used to gauge foam durability also improve as density increases. One of these is compression set, or the tendency of foam to lose height as it is used. As density increases, height loss decreases dramatically.
This means that fabric on furniture cushions stays tight and mattresses don’t get body impressions. In fact, some of the more reputable mattress manufacturers have increased the densities of their topper foams to reduce instances of body impressions on innerspring mattresses. To better understand the durability of a mattress topper one must know the density of the foam.
What Is The Difference Between Firmness And Support?
| Feature | Firmness | Support |
| Definition | Measures the surface feel of the foam. | Foam’s ability to “push back” against weight and prevent bottoming out. |
| Impact On Foam | Affects how soft or firm the foam feels initially. | Determines whether the foam collapses under body weight or maintains structure. |
| Relationship With Density | Not directly related to foam density. | Higher density foam helps prevent collapse and improves support. |
| Load-Bearing Ability | Lower impact on weight distribution. | Higher support factors (2.0+ lbs./cu ft) make foam better suited for load-bearing application. |